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Tuesday, June 8, 2004
Unit 6
1. Open door policy- American approach to china around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations.
2. Great white fleet- a force of United States navy ships that undertook a world cruise in 1907.
3. Roosevelt corollary- 1904 extension to the Monroe doctrine in which he asserted the right of the United States to intervene in Latin American nations.
4. Imperialism- policy by a stronger nation to create an empire by dominating weaker nations economically, politically, culturally, and militarily.
5. Sphere of influence- area of economic and political control exerted by one nation over another nation or other nations.
6. Nationalism- devotion to one’s nation.
7. Jingoism- a feeling of intense national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy.
8. Federal reserve system- nation’s central banking system, established in 1913.
9. Home rule- system by which cities exercise a limited amount of self-rule.
10. Direct primary- election in which voters cast ballots to select nominees for upcoming elections.
11. Initiative- process by which citizens propose new laws by gathering signatures on a petition.
12. Referendum- process by which citizens vote on a law passed by their legislature.
13. Recall- process by which voters remove a public official from office before the next election
14. Holding company- corporation that holds the stocks and bonds of numerous companies.
15. Conservationist- person who is concerned with the care and protection of natural resources.
16. Convoy- group of armed and unarmed ships deployed to protect merchant shipping from attack.
17. American expeditionary force- name given to American troops in Europe in World War I.
18. Versailles treaty- 1919 treaty that ended World War I.
19. Zimmerman note- 1917 note by a German diplomat proposing an alliance with Mexico.
20. League of nations- international organization, formed after World War I, that aimed to promote security and peace for all members.
Unit 7
21. Flapper- term coined during the 1920s to describe a young woman with a fondness for dancing and brash actions.
22. Fundamentalism- set of religious beliefs including traditional Christian ideas about Jesus Christ, and the belief that the Bible is literally true.
23. Teapot Dome Scandal- scandal of the Harding administration involving the granting of oil drilling rights on government land in return for money.
24. 21st Amendment- Constitutional amendment, ratified in 1933, that ended Prohibition.
25. Bonus army- group of World War I veterans and their families who in 1932 protested in Washington D.C., to receive their pensions early.
26. Business cycle- periodic growth and contraction of a nation’s economy.
27. Buying on margin- practice by which investors purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price, borrowing the rest.
28. Black Tuesday- October 29, 1929, the day on which the Great crash of the stock market began.
29. Welfare capitalism- approach to labor relations in which companies met some of their workers’ needs without prompting by unions.
30. Great crash- collapse of American stock market in 1929
31. Demagogue- leader who manipulates people through such means of half-truths & scare tactics.
32. Hundred days- period @ the start of Franklin Roosevelt’s presidency in 1933, when many new deal programs were passed by congress.
33. National debt- total amount of money owed by the national government.
34. Tennessee valley authority- federal project to provide electricity, flood control, and recreational opportunities to Tennessee River valley.
35. Wagner act- law passed in 1935 that aided unions by legalizing collective bargaining and establishing the NLRB.
Unit 8
36. Lend-Lease Act- 1941 law that authorized the President to provide aid to any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security.
37. Battle of Midway- World War II battle in 1942 between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the pacific.
38. Holocaust- Nazi Germany’s attempt to murder all European Jews.
39. Yalta Conference- 1945 meeting between Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt in which the leaders discussed plans for the postwar world.
40. Kristallnacht- night of violence on November 9, 1938, when Nazi storm troopers attacked Jews in Germany.
41. Totalitarian- describing a form of government that controls every aspect of its citizens’ lives.
42. GI- term used for American soldiers in World War II, derived from “government issue”
43. D-Day- code name for the Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944
44. Victory Garden- a home garden created to boost food production during World War II.
45. Liberty ship- a large, sturdy merchant ship built during World War II.
46. Domino Theory- belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would likewise fall.
47. U-2 Incident- the shooting down of an American spy plane over the Soviet Union in 1960.
48. Berlin Airlift- supply of West Berlin by American and British planes during a soviet blockade in 1948-49.
49. NATO- north Atlantic treaty organization; alliance between the US, Canada, and Western European nations, formed in 1949.
50. Marshall Plan- program of American economic assistance to Western Europe, announced in 1947.
51. Blacklist- list that is circulated among employers, containing names of persons who should not be hired.
52. Warsaw Pact- military alliance between Soviet Union and nations of Eastern Europe, formed in 1955.
53. Conglomerate- large corporation that owns many smaller companies producing a variety of goods and services.
54. Beatnik- in the 1950s, a person who criticized American society as apathetic and conformist.
55. G.I. Bill- law passed in 1944 that helped returning veterans buy homes and pay for college.
56. National Defense Act- 1958 bill to improve science and math instruction in schools.
Unit 9
57. Great society- president Lyndon Johnson’s proposals to public education, provide medical care for the elderly, and eliminate poverty
58. Medicare- federal program that provides medical benefits for Americans over the age of 65.
59. Miranda rule- rule that police must inform persons accused of a crime of their legal rights
60. Peace corps- federal program established to send volunteers to help developing nations around the world
61. De jure segregation- segregation based on law
62. Civil rights act of 1964- law that outlawed discrimination in a number of areas, including voting, schools, and jobs
63. De facto segregation- segregation based not on law but on poverty and ghetto conditions
64. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)- proposed constitutional amendment, never ratified, to prohibit discrimination on account of sex.
65. United Farm Workers (UFW)- union organized by Cesar Chavez to organize Mexican field hands in the West.
66. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- government organization formed in the 1970 to deal with issues such as air and water pollution.
67. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- 1964 congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam.
68. Pentagon Papers- government study of United States involvement in the Vietnam War, made public in 1971.
69. Tet Offensive- 1986 attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces throughout South Vietnam.
Unit 10
70. SALT I- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, a 1972 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union on limiting nuclear weapons
71. Détente- a relaxation in political tensions between nations
72. Proliferation- rapid growth in number, spread
73. Embargo- restriction on trade [oil]
74. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries- group of nations that worked together to regulate the price and supply of oil
75. Stagflation- combination of high inflation and high unemployment, with no economic growth
76. Recession- period of slow business activity
77. War Powers Act- 1973 law limiting the President’s power to deploy troops abroad
78. Bicentennial- 200th anniversary
79. Deregulation- reduction or removal of government controls
80. Camp David Accords- 1978 agreement between Israel and Egypt that made a peace treaty between the two nations possible
81. Downsizing- practice by companies of laying off workers in order to cut costs
82. Supply-side economics- theory that tax reductions will increase investment and thereby encourage business growth
83. Sandinista- member of the group of Nicaraguans who took control of the government in 1979
84. Iran-contra affair- scandal in the Reagan administration involving the use of money from secret Iranian arms sales to support the Nicaraguan contras
85. Contract with America- pledge made by Republican candidates in the 1994 election campaign, to scale back government, eliminate some regulations, cut taxes, and balance the budget.
86. Apartheid- South Africa’s systematic separation of the white and black races.
87. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)- agreement calling for removal of trade restrictions among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
88. General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)- international agreement on reducing tariffs and expanding world trade.
Current mood:  tired
Monday, May 31, 2004
This is a livejournal, but it's not going to be about my life. I'm using this website for all of you to talk about whatever you want.
PS. Ive listed a few units of vocabulary that will be on Mr. Roses History Final Exam under 'comments'
Current mood:  high
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